Bipolaris oryzae oryza sativa, mr 219 malaysia madhya pradesh bomp1 2010 bipolaris oryzae oryza sativa, p 14 60 madhya pradesh bomp2 2010 bipolaris oryzae oryza sativa, pusa kranti madhya pradesh bomp3 2010 bipolaris oryzae oryza sativa, swarna west bengal bowb1 2008 bipolaris oryzae oryza sativa, kankaj west bengal bowb2 2008. Commercial rabbit food agar induced abundant spore production. Rice brown spot bipolaris oryzae tropical plant research. An assessment of rice crop resistance to bipolaris oryzae, a causal agent of rice brown leaf spot or helminthosporium disease was carried out. When it matures, its colour becomes black or dark olive.
We report a case of mycotic keratitis caused by bipolaris oryzae. Seed borne and transmission of bipolaris oryzae, the causal pathogen of brown spot of rice vu van ba1 and somsiri sangchote2 abstract rice brown spot bipolaris oryzae, in paddy fields was investigated to find the relationship between disease severity on flag leaf and kernel infection, at three growth stages of flowering, milky, and dough stages. We report a case of mycotic keratitis caused by bipolaris oryzae with predisposing trauma from a foreign body. The ops1 and ops2 genes encode predicted proteins of 306 and 304 amino acids, respectively. Pdf pathogenic variability of bipolaris oryzae causing. Leaf spot on switch grass panicum virgatum, symptoms of a.
Control of brown spot pathogen of rice bipolaris oryzae. Leaf spot on switch grass panicum virgatum, symptoms of. Author links open overlay panel luxia wang a 1 abdullah m. Cochliobolus miyabeanus, bipolaris oryzae, phylogeny, its, rpb2, ef1 introduction cochliobolus miyabeanus1 is the telemorph of a fungus that causes brown spot disease in rice. Genetic diversity and population structure among isolates. Bipolaris is a genus of fungi belonging to the family pleosporaceae. Alhatmi b c d 1 xuwen lai e 1 lianghong peng f chuanhong yang f huangwen lai f jianxun li a jacques f. Bipolamides a and b, triene amides isolated from the. A phylogenetic and taxonomic reevaluation of the bipolaris cochliobolus curvularia complex dimuthu s. It is cosmopolitan in nature and is isolated from plant debris and soil. Seed borne and transmission of bipolaris oryzae, the. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. Infected seeds usually provide the primary inoculum. Hypoviruses are positivesense singlestranded rna mycovirus that infect filamentous fungi.
In recent years, maize leaf spot caused by bipolaris species has frequently occurred with complex symptoms and is becoming increasingly serious in sichuan province of china. Bipolaris species are some of the leading causative agents of phaeohyphomycosis. Taxonomic position of bipolaris oryzae among other cochliobolus species using ribosomal region and some protein coding genes tazick z. Because tryptamine is a possible precursor of indole. The pathogenic species have known teleomorphic states in the genus cochliobolus and produce ascospores. Pdf control of brown spot pathogen of rice bipolaris oryzae.
Image taken by nur ain izzati mohd zainudin and kent loeffler, dept. Control of bipolaris oryzae the causal agent of rice brown. Morphological characterization of bipolaris oryzae causing brown spot of paddy in bihar by. Bipolaris oryzae causes brown spot in rice oryza sativa inflicting substantial grain yield losses worldwide. Reaction of upland rice genotypes to the brown spot disease. Bipolaris oryzae strain d9f669 stock culture at the laboratory of plant pathology, shimane university was used as the wt strain. Biological control is an innovative, cost effective and ecofriendly approach.
Both genera contain species with straight or curved conidia, but in bipolaris the curvature is continuous throughout the length of the conidium, while the conidia of curvularia have intermediate cells inordinately enlarged which contributes to their curvature. Bipolaris oryzae is a phytopathogenic fungus causing a brown spot disease in rice, and produces substance that strongly perturbs motility and membrane integrities of boar spermatozoa. Rice leaves accumulate serotonin in response to infection by bipolaris oryzae. As a result of the continued screening for new metabolites produced by endophytic fungi from thai medicinal plants, two new triene fatty acid amides, bipolamides a 1 and b 2, were discovered. Pdf morphomolecular diversity of bipolaris oryzae causing brown. The genus bipolaris includes important plant pathogens with worldwide distribution. Strain bs5 had the maximum number of evaluated antibiotic. Etiology and symptoms of maize leaf spot caused by bipolaris. Bipolaris oryzae, rice brown spot, pathogenicity, agarosesynergel. Inheritance of photocontrol of conidial development in the. Bipolaris oryzae, the causal agent of brown spot disease, is an economically. Ten 10 irrigated and upland rice varieties were used in this study. In order to do rapdpcr, seven primers were applied.
A system for inducing sporulation of bipolaris oryzae. The antifungal activity of the tested substances were investigated against b. Note differences in lesion phenotype but that both have necrotic centers surrounded by chlorotic halos. Nectrophs like bipolaris oryzae kills the host by producing toxin and lytic enzymes kan 2006. Pathogenicity and cytological examination of adapted and. It was considered for use by the usa as a biological weapon against japan during world war ii. Regional survey and identification of bipolaris spp. Among these, three wellknown pathogenic species are bipolaris spicifera. This disease was the causal agent of the bengal famine of 1943. The experimental fungus was grown on potato dextrose agar pda in 9cm petri plates iwaki, tokyo, japan. In vitro management of bipolaris oryzae the causal pathogen.
Behaviour of bipolaris oryzae at different temperatures, culture media, fungicides and rice germplasm for resistance. A phylogenetic and taxonomic reevaluation of the bipolaris. These findings strongly suggested that the metabolism of tryptamine by b. Isolates of bipolaris oryzae were analysed by rapd techniques to determine the amount of intraspecific genetic variability. Use of plant extracts and biocontrol agents for the. Species recognition in the genus has been uncertain due to the lack of molecular data from extype cultures as well as overlapping morphological characteristics. Control of brown spot pathogen of rice bipolaris oryzae using. Insertional mutagenesis and characterization of a polyketide. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different doses of chemical fungicides against brown leaf spot in sabhamansuli variety of rice in the research field. The sexual stage is et al cochliobolus miyabeanus ito and kurib drechsler ex dastur. Knowledge of the population structure, genetic diversity and sexual recombination of the fungal pathogen can help to implement effective disease management strategies. Bipolaris oryzae, the rice brown spot fungus is one of the pathological threats to rice crop worldwide. Identification and expression analysis of regulatory genes.
Seed borne and transmission of bipolaris oryzae, the causal. Control of bipolaris oryzae the causal agent of rice brown spot. Cochliobolus miyabeanus cochmioverview eppo global database. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Trichoderma harzianum is an effective biocontrol agent for a number of plant fungal diseases. When a photoinduced strain was crossed with a nonphotoinduced i strain, photoinduced and nonphotoinduced i progeny were produced in a ratio of 1. Their spores are potential allergens that can cause allergic fungal sinusitis once inhaled. Ophiobolin a from bipolaris oryzae perturbs motility and. Bipolaris oryzae, a novel fungal opportunist causing keratitis. Brown spot reduced rice yield from 50% to 90% in bengal padmanabhan 1973. These species are commonly associated with leaf spots, leaf blights, melting outs, root rots, foot rots and other disease symptoms mainly in high value field crops in the family poaceae, including rice, maize, wheat and sorghum and on various other host plants ellis 1971, sivanesan.
Knowledge of the population structure, genetic diversity and sexual recombination of the. Pdf brown spot of paddy caused by bipolaris oryzae is a threat to paddy cultivation across the globe. Hence a detailed systematic investigation was conducted to test in invitro antifungal activity against important seed borne pathogens bipolaris oryzae of. Potatodextrose agar pda plates were inoculated with a small mycelial plug at the center, followed by incubation at 25 1 c in darkness. Pdf behaviour of bipolaris oryzae at different temperatures. Segregation of the genera bipolaris, curvularia, drechslera and exserohilum from the genus. A developing bipolaris mold is usually fluffy and soft to the touch. Expression analysis of defense related genes in rice. Pdf bipolaris oryzae is the causal agent of rice brown spot disease and is responsible for significant economic losses. Genetic diversity and population structure among isolates of. Six media and five light treatments were used to obtain sporulation of bipolaris oryzae. Introduction rice brown spot caused by cochliobolus miyabeanus ito and kuribayashi drechs. This disease was the causal agent of the bengal famine of 1943 it was considered for use by the usa as a biological weapon against japan during world war ii. India 19431944, which was linked to rice disease caused by bipolaris oryzae ou 1985, scheffer 1997.
The substance was isolated from the liquid culture of the fungal strain using extraction and a multistep semipreparative hplc procedures. Taxonomy of bipolaris oryzae the genus helminthosporium formerly comprised a large, heterogenous group of fungi with dark phragmosporous conidia. Cochliobolus miyabeanus formerly known as helminthosporium oryzae is a fungus that causes brown spot disease in rice. Strain bs5 exerted the higher mycelial growth inhibition of bipolaris oryzae under in vitro. These samples from 25 districts were used for isolation of desired pathogen from spotted leaf and. The complete genome sequence of a novel hypovirus infecting.
The leaves of the sl mutant, which is deficient in the gene encoding tryptamine 5. Cochliobolus miyabeanus strain wk1c inoculated on rice cultivars nipponbare and co39. Genetic variation in a population of bipolaris oryzae based. At first, dna of all isolates was isolated, and then dna was amplified in thermocycler by using seven primers at a thermal program. Bipolaris oryzae, is one of the important rice diseases resulting in high yield reduction and poor grain quality. As a result of the continued screening for new metabolites produced by endophytic fungi from thai medicinal plants, two new triene fatty acid amides, bipolamides a 1. Species recognition in the genus has been uncertain due to the lack of molecular. Cloning and expression analysis of two opsinlike genes in. Bipolaris oryzae is the causal agent of rice brown spot disease and is responsible for significant economic losses.
Pelagia research library bipolaris oryzae is classified in the subdivision deuteromycotina imperfect fungi, class deuteromycetes, order moniliales, and family dematiaceae and is the causal agent of brown spot disease of rice. Biocontrol and seed transmission of bipolaris oryzae and. To peel off the mycelia from the agar medium, the agar surface of a petri plate 15 ml. Bipolaris oryzae, the asexual state of cochliobolus miyabeanus has conidia with either light or dark hila, but in most cases both biotypes are mixed in cultures and there can be considerable variations in the conidial morphology sivanesan 1987. Serotonin added to the culture media was also converted into 5. Population structure, genetic diversity, and sexual state.
The inheritance of light dependence for conidial development inbipolaris oryzae was analyzed using singleascospore isolates. In a favorable environment, conidia are produced in brown portions of the lesions and figure 1 switchgrass leaf with bipolaris infection. Silicon induces resistance to the brown spot fungus. Diversity of the rice brown spot pathogen, bipolaris oryzae, in. Trichoderma viride in bipolaris oryzae management journal of biopesticides 31 special issue 093 095 2010 93 the biological control of paddy disease brown spot bipolaris oryzae by using trichoderma viride in vitro condition s. Bipolaris oryzae can survive as mycelium in soil for many years without a host and is also seedborne.
Molecular characterization of carbendazim resistance of. Here, we report the characterization of a novel hypovirus, tentatively named bipolaris oryzae hypovirus 1 bohv1, isolated from strain es35 of b. Tef1 gene, and partial glyceraldehyde3phosphate dehydrogenase gpdh gene, and the species identity was confirmed on. Targeted gene disruption knockout for functional analysis of photomorphogenesisrelated genes in b. Leaf spot on switch grass panicum virgatum, symptoms of a new disease caused by bipolaris oryzae. Pelagia research library plant extracts are screened to detect secondary metabolites with biological activities, including antifungal activity. This page was last edited on 11 august 2019, at 19. When a photoinduced strain was crossed with another photoinduced strain, only photoinduced progeny were produced. New species and records of bipolaris and curvularia from.
Population structure, genetic diversity, and sexual state of. Two opsinlike genes, ops1 and ops2, were identified from a subtracted cdna library for the identification of nearuv nuv radiationenhanced genes using suppression subtractive hybridization methods in the brown leaf spot fungus bipolaris oryzae. However, hypoviruses have not been reported in bipolaris oryzae, an important phytopathogenic fungus in water bamboo and rice. Department of plant pathology, college of agriculture, shahid bahonar university of kerman. Knowledge of the population structure, genetic diversity and sexual. The genus bipolaris includes a number of significant plant pathogens with worldwide distribution.
These yield loses could be averted through development and deployment of resistant varieties. Knowledge of the population structure, genetic diversity and sexual recombination of t. Reaction of upland rice genotypes to the brown spot. Bipolaris oryzae strain d9f669 a stock culture at the laboratory of plant pathology, shimane university was used as the wildtype strain. Rice brown spot, caused by bipolaris oryzae, can be a serious disease causing a considerable yield loss. Molecular characterization of carbendazim resistance of plant pathogen bipolaris oryzae 201 volume of sterile water and the final concentration was adjusted to 1 x 10 6 conidia ml by using haemocytometer. Bioprotection of brown spot disease of rice and insight into the. The genetic diversity among the indian isolates of brown spot pathogen was studied using intersimple sequence repeats issr. This disease was the causal agent of the bengal famine in 1943 2. Taxonomic position of bipolaris oryzae among other species. The fungus was identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region, translation elongation factor 1.
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